Ovarian cysts are a very common disease among women, although ovarian cysts can develop at any age, even in infants, teenage girls, women of childbearing age and menopause.
Causes of ovarian cysts
Occurrence of any problems in the ovaries can lead to ovarian cysts, which are:
As the follicles begin to grow, a number of them begin to grow, and this growth is not inhibited, which can lead to ovarian cysts.
Some follicles remain the same size, and each month these follicles accumulate and cause the ovary to look lazy.
When one of the ovaries releases an egg, the place of the released egg is first filled with blood, and then, if pregnancy occurs, it is filled with a yellow substance called a corpus luteum. In each of these stages, there is a possibility of ovarian cysts. For example, a buildup of blood in that area can cause an ovarian cyst if it is not absorbed and enlarged. Also, instead of absorbing the corpus luteum, it turns white and disappears, leaving only a small space and continuing to grow, leading to ovarian cysts.
Ovarian cysts types
Simple cyst
These types of cysts are called simple or follicular cysts and usually go away after two months. In fact, these types of cysts are benign and have no symptoms at all, and the person does not notice them at all, and in some cases may accidentally notice an ovarian cyst measuring 4-5 cm in an ultrasound. Simple or follicular cysts repair their ovaries after one to two menstrual periods and go away on their own.
In some cases, changes occur during the onset of menstruation, for example, delaying menstruation, spotting, as well as changing the pattern of periods and, in cases where it is very large, causing pain. Finally, simple cysts are not a problem for a person, and if they are not treated with medication and do not take birth control pills, they will be absorbed spontaneously and ovulate spontaneously after two to three menstrual periods. It will be repaired.
But some ovarian cysts, which occur for other reasons, cause changes in the growth and development of cells on the surface of the ovary, which can lead to the production of ovarian cysts, which are actually benign cysts. It is large and symptomatic (usually these types of cysts are painful). The definitive treatment for this type of cyst is two ways of taking birth control pills and surgery.
Ovarian laziness or polycystic ovaries
A challenging issue is the polycystic ovary, which begins to grow each month. One of them must grow and the rest disappear, but in some ovaries that have an inherited background, the follicles that grow to Instead of being destroyed, one of them does not release the egg, but all of them grow together (about 5-6) and also remain in the same stage, and again a few months later they grow and in Remaining the same size, this causes the surface of the ovary to form a chain of small micro-cysts, which are called ovarian or polycystic ovary laziness.
These symptoms are due to the fact that the cysts are small and each of them is releasing hormones. These hormones are released into the bloodstream, and these types of hormones are male hormones that cause the symptoms of excess hair, hair cysts. , Or oily hair, pimples and that because they do not release a good egg, the patient is unlikely to be infertile or the pregnancy is delayed, the patient may also have diabetes and hypothyroidism, hyperlipidemia and overweight. the cause of all this is ovarian dysfunction are those tiny follicles that have grown abnormally in the ovarian cortex.
Dermoid cyst
Another type of cyst is a dermoid or hairy cyst. A dermoid cyst is a cyst that has a fetal background. They stay inside the skin, for example: skin cells, hair, or cartilage cells mistakenly remain inside the ovary for a few cells instead of being removed.
Gradually, with age, these cells begin to grow. If the hair cell remains, this type of cell will start to grow, and if the fat cell remains, it will start making fat cells, and these will remain as cysts inside the ovary. Cysts contain fat, hair, cartilage and can even contain teeth, which are called dermoid cysts, which are treated with surgery.
Chocolate cysts or endometriosis
Chocolate cysts or endometriosis cysts are not the exact cause of these cysts. In fact, these types of cysts are cysts that have a genetic background, environmental factors such as environmental toxins, substances in disposable containers, lead in the air, these factors can be triggered by endometriosis, menstrual blood that returns to the pelvis. This happens to all women. In people with a genetic background, this menstrual blood is absorbed on the surface of the pelvic floor cells, and the iron in the blood, the iron, is toxic to the surrounding cells and causes adhesions. The amount of adhesion progresses over time. It causes the uterus to stick to the intestines, the ovaries to stick to the pelvic floor. Slowly, small cysts containing blood form inside the ovaries, usually dark-colored cysts. The treatment for chocolate cysts depends on the individual’s condition, but the definitive treatment for these types of cysts is surgery.
Malignant ovarian cysts
These types of cysts are cancerous. These types of cysts need to be diagnosed and treated quickly, but the problem with ovarian cancer is that they show symptoms late, often when the patient is in an advanced stage, and that’s it. They also go to the gastroenterologist with digestive symptoms such as stomach pain or abdominal bloating problems, which, after examinations, cause ovarian problems and it is determined that ovarian metastasis is due to the ovarian disease background. Unfortunately, ovarian cancer is not preventable and its diagnosis usually does not happen quickly and unfortunately it will not have a good result and it responds very badly to medications and surgical treatments.
Treatment of ovarian cysts
The treatment for ovarian cysts varies depending on the type of cyst. If the cyst is simple, even if left untreated, the ovary will resolve on its own, and if some of these cysts are large, the treatment is with birth control pills or a number of hormonal pills, about three. It is given to the patient for four to three months, and the patient is followed up with an ultrasound, which is absorbed by ultrasound and cysts.
Some treatments are surgical, when the pill is prescribed to the patient and they do not improve, or the type of cyst is such that it looks suspicious and there is a possibility of cancer, these types of cysts should be removed. The best surgical treatment, depending on the surgeon’s skill, is laparoscopic surgery.
Open surgery is performed when the surgeon and gynecologist determine that laparoscopic surgery is not appropriate for the patient’s condition. However, due to the advancement of science and technology, laparoscopy is a very suitable treatment method for most people.
In laparoscopic surgery, ovarian cysts must be completely removed from the surface of the ovary, and if any reliance remains on these cysts, they can recur after a few years. Therefore, the treatment must be complete and the surface of the ovary removed from the cyst, and when the cyst is removed to check for benign cysts, it must be sent to a pathologist to find that there is no problem.
Care after ovarian cyst surgery
After the surgery, the patient is hospitalized for one day under care, then after a week of rest, he can continue his work activities and will not cause any problems for the person.
Usually, people who have a history of ovarian cysts should be evaluated from time to time and do not forget to have an ultrasound because there is a possibility of ovarian cysts in these people.